found guilty

δοκέω Il.7.192, [dialect] Att. [tense] impf. ἐδόκουν, [dialect] Ep.

A

δοκέεσκον AP5.298

(Agath.): —[voice] Med.,

δοκέοντο Opp.C.4.296

: part. δοκεύμενος ib. 109: the [tense] fut. and other tenses are twofold:

1 [tense] fut. δόξω and [tense] aor. 1 ἔδοξα Pi.N.4.37, h.Merc. 208, etc.: [tense] pf. δέδοχα inferred from [tense] plpf.

ἐδεδόχεσαν D.C.44.26

:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor.

ἐδόχθην Plb.21.10.8

, etc., ([etym.] κατ-) Antipho 2.2.2: [tense] pf.

δέδογμαι Hdt.8.100

, etc.: [tense] plpf.

ἐδέδοκτο Id.9.74

.

2 regul. forms (chiefly Trag., Com., and late Prose), [tense] fut.

δοκήσω A.Pr. 388

, Ar.Nu. 562, etc. (once in Hdt., 4.74); [dialect] Dor. δοκησῶ or

- ᾱσῶ Theoc.1.150

: [tense] aor. ἐδόκησα, [dialect] Ep.

δόκ- Od.10.415

, Pi.O.13.56, A.Th. 1041, Ar.Ra. 1485, etc.: [tense] pf.

δεδόκηκα A.Eu. 309

(lyr.):— [voice] Pass., [tense] aor.

ἐδοκήθην E.Med. 1417

(anap.): [tense] pf.

δεδόκημαι Pi.N.5.19

, E.Med. 763 (anap.), Ar.V. 726, also in Hdt.7.16.γ; but δεδοκημένος (q. v.) belongs to δέχομαι.

I expect (Iterat. of δέκομαι, cf.

δέχομαι 11.3

): hence, think, suppose, imagine, (opp. φρονέω, S.Aj. 942 (lyr.), Pherecr.146.4):

1 c. acc. et inf.,

δοκέω νικησέμεν Ἕκτορα Il.7.192

;

οὔ σε δοκέω πείθεσθαι Hdt.1.8

, cf. 11,27, al., Antipho 2.4.5, etc.: rarely with inf. omitted, δοκῶ.. οὐδὲν ῥῆμα.. κακὸν [εἶναι] S.El.61; τούτους τι δοκεῖτε [εἶναι] X. An.5.7.26; freq. in relating a dream or vision, τεκεῖν δράκοντ' ἔδοξεν she thought a serpent produced young, A.Ch. 527; ἐδόκουν αἰετὸν.. φέρειν methought an eagle was carrying, Ar.V.15;

ὁρᾷς γὰρ οὐδὲν ὧν δοκεῖς σάφ' εἰδέναι E.Or. 259

: with inf. only, ἔδοξ' ἰδεῖν methought I saw, ib. 408;

ἔδοξ' ἀκοῦσαι Pl.Prt. 315e

;

ἔδοξ' ἐν ὕπνῳ.. οἰκεῖν ἐν Ἄργει E.IT44

(sts. also, as in signf. 11,

ἐδοξάτην μοι δύο γυναῖκε.. μολεῖν A. Pers. 181

;

ἐν τῷ σταδίῳ.. μέ τις ἐδόκει στεφανοῦν Alex.272.4

).

b think to do, purpose,

ὅταν δ' ἀείδειν.. δοκῶ A.Ag.16

.

2 abs., have or form an opinion,

περί τινος Hdt.9.65

; mostly in parenthetic phrases,

ὡς δοκῶ Pl.Phdr. 264e

; δοκῶ alone, Hdt.9.65, Ar. Pax47, Pl.Prm. 126b; πῶς δοκεῖς; to call attention to something remarked,

τοῦτον, πῶς δοκεῖς; καθύβρισεν E.Hipp. 446

, cf. Hec. 1160, Diph.96, etc.;

πόσον δοκεῖς; Ar.Ec. 399

.

3 δοκῶ μοι I seem to myself, methinks, c. inf.,

ἐγώ μοι δοκέω κατανοέειν τοῦτο Hdt.2.93

, etc.;

ἡδέως ἄν μοι δοκῶ κοινωνῆσαί τινος X.Cyr.8.7.25

, cf. Oec.6.11; οὔ μοι δοκῶ I think not.., Pl.Tht. 158e; δοκῶ μοι parenthetic, Id.Thg. 121d.

b δοκῶ μοι I am determined, resolved, c. inf. [tense] pres., Ar.V. 177, etc.: c. inf. [tense] fut., Aeschin.3.53, etc.: c. inf. [tense] aor., dub. in Ar.Av. 671, etc.: rarely without μοι, think fit,

σὺ δ' αὐτὸς ἤδη γνῶθι τίνα πέμπειν δοκεῖς A.Th. 650

.

4 seem, pretend, c. inf. (with or without neg.), ὁρέων μὲν οὐδέν, δοκέων δὲ [ὁρᾶν] dub. l. in Alcm.87;

οὔτε ἔδοξε μαθέειν Hdt.1.10

;

οὐδὲ γιγνώσκειν δοκῶν Pherecr.163

;

τὰ μὲν ποιεῖν, τὰ δὲ δοκεῖν Arist.Pol. 1314a39

;

ἤκουσά του λέγοντος, οὐ δοκῶν κλύειν E.Med.67

;

πόσους δοκεῖς.. ὁρῶντας.. μὴ δοκεῖν ὁρᾶν; Id.Hipp. 462

, cf. Ar.Eq. 1146, X.HG4.5.6.

5 [voice] Pass., to be considered,

δοκεῖσθαι οὕτω Pl.R. 612d

; τὰ νῦν δοκούμενα περί τινος the current opinions, ib. 490a.

6 [voice] Med., Opp.C.4.296; δοκεύμενος.. ἀλύξειν ib. 109.

II of an Object, seem, c. dat. pers. et inf. [tense] pres.,

δοκέεις δέ μοι οὐκ ἀπινύσσειν Od.5.342

; δόκησε δ' ἄρα σφίσι θυμὸς ὣς ἔμεν ὡς εἰ .. their heart seemed just as if.., felt as though.., 10.415: c. inf. [tense] fut., seem likely,

δοκέει δέ μοι ὧδε λώϊον ἔσσεσθαι Il.6.338

: c. inf. [tense] aor. (never in Hom.), τί δ' ἂν δοκεῖ σοι Πρίαμος (sc. ποιῆσαι); A.Ag. 935; seem or be thought to have done, esp. of suspected persons, Th.2.21; to be convicted,

ἂν ἁλῷ καὶ δοκῇ τοὔργον εἰργάσθαι D.23.71

.

2 abs., seem, as opp. to reality,

τὸ δοκεῖν καὶ τὰν ἀλάθειαν βιᾶται Simon.76

;

οὐ δοκεῖν ἄριστος ἀλλ' εἶναι θέλει A.Th. 592

, cf. Pl.Grg. 527b; in full,

τὸ δοκεῖν εἶναι A.Ag. 788

(anap.).

3 seem good, be resolved on, εἰ δοκεῖ σοι ταῦτα ib. 944;

τοιαῦτ' ἔδοξε τῷδε Καδμείων τέλει Id.Th. 1030

.

4 freq. impers., δοκεῖ μοι it seems to me, methinks,

ὥς μοι δοκεῖ εἶναι ἄριστα Il.12.215

; ὡς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ as I think, A.Th. 369, etc.; τὸ σοὶ δοκοῦν your opinion, Pl.R. 487d: freq. in inf. in parenth. clause, ὡς ἐμοὶ δοκέειν to my thinking, Hdt.9.113;

δοκέειν ἐμοί Id.1.172

;

ἀλλ', ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν, τάχ' εἴσει A.Pers. 246

, etc.; without μοι, X.An.4.5.1.

b it seems good to me, it is my pleasure,

δοκεῖ ἡμῖν χρῆσθαι Th.4.118

, cf. A.Ag. 1350: freq. of a public resolution,

τοῖσι Ἕλλησι δόξαι.. ἀπαιτέειν Hdt.1.3

, etc.;

ἔδοξεν Ἀργείοισιν A.Supp. 605

, cf. Th. 1010; esp. in decrees and the like , ἔδοξε τῇ βουλῇ, τῷ δήμῳ, Ar.Th. 372, Th.4.118, cf. IG1.32, etc.;

τὰ δόξαντα S.El.29

, D.3.14;

παρὰ τὸ δοκοῦν ἡμῖν Th.1.84

, etc.:—[voice] Pass.,

δέδοκται Hdt.4.68

;

οὕτω δέδοκται; S.Ph. 1277

, etc.;

εἰ ἐπαινῆσαι δεδόκηται Pi.N.5.19

;

δεδόχθω τὸ ἄτοπον τοῦτο Pl.Lg. 799e

, etc.;

τοῦτ' ἐστ' ἐμοὶ δεδογμένον E.Heracl.1

;

δεδογμέν' [ἐστί].. τήνδε κατθανεῖν S.Ant. 576

, cf. OC 1431;

τὰ δεδογμένα Hdt.3.76

;

δεδόχθαι τῇ βουλῇ καὶ τῷ δήμῳ IG22.1.12

, etc. c. acc. abs., δόξαν when it was decreed or resolved,

δόξαν αὐτοῖς ὥστε διαναυμαχεῖν Th.8.79

; δόξαν δέ σφι (sc. λιπέσθαι) Hdt.2.148;

δόξαν ἡμῖν ταῦτα Pl.Prt. 314c

, cf. X.An.4.1.13; ἰδίᾳ δοκῆσάν σοι τόδ' .. ; E. Supp. 129; also

δεδογμένον αὐτοῖς Th.1.125

, etc.; but also

δόξαντος τούτου X.HG1.1.36

; δόξαντα ταῦτα καὶ περανθέντα ib.3.2.19.

5 to be reputed, c. inf., Pi.O.13.56, P.6.40;

ἄξιοι ὑμῖν δοκοῦντες Th.1.76

; δοκοῦντες εἶναί τι men who are held to be something, men of repute, Pl. Grg. 472a;

τὸ δοκεῖν τινὲς εἶναι.. προσειληφότες D.21.213

;

τὸ φρονεῖν ἐδόκει τις εἶναι περιττός Plu.Arist.1

;

οἱ δοκοῦντες Heraclit.28

(dub.), E.Hec. 295; τὰ δοκοῦντα, opp. τὰ μηδὲν ὄντα, Id.Tr. 613;

μετ' ἀρετῆς δοκούσης ἐς ἀλλήλους γίγνεσθαι Th.3.10

; to be an established, current opinion, Arist.APo. 76b24, al.;

τὰ δοκοῦντα Id.Metaph. 1088a16

, al.:— [voice] Pass., οἱ δεδογμένοι ἀνδροφόνοι those who have been found guilty of homicide, D.23.28; also

αἱ δοκούμεναι Πέρσαις τέχναι Polem.Call.60

. (The two senses of δοκέω are sts. contrasted, τὰ ἀεὶ δοκοῦντα.. τῷ δοκοῦντι εἶναι ἀληθῆ that which seems true is true to him who thinks it, Pl.Tht. 158e; τὸ δοκοῦν ἑκάστῳ τοῦτο καὶ εἶναι τῷ δοκοῦντι ib. 162c.)

δῶρον, τό, ([etym.] δίδωμι)

A gift, present, gift of honour,

ἀγλαὰ δ. Il.1.213

, etc.; votive gift or offering to a god,

φέρε δῶρον Ἀθήνῃ 6.293

, cf. LXX Ge.4.4, Ev.Marc.7.11;

βωμοὶ δώροισι φλέγονται A.Ag.91

; ποῦ μοι τὰ.. δ. κἀκροθίνια; Id.Fr. 184; δῶρά τινος the gifts of, i. e. given by, him,

θεῶν ἐρικυδέα δ. Il.20.265

, cf. Od. 18.142; δῶρ' Ἀφροδίτης, i.e. personal charms, Il.3.54,64;

δ. Κύπριδος E.Hel. 363

(lyr.); δ. τῶν Μουσῶν καὶ Ἀπόλλωνος, of μουσική, Pl.Lg. 796e: c. gen. rei, ὕπνου δ. the blessing of sleep, Il.7.482; δῶρα presents given as tribute, 17.225; δῶρον τοῦ ποταμοῦ, of the land of Egypt, Hdt.2.5.

2 δῶρα presents, as retaining fees or bribes, D.18.109, Jusj.ib.24.150, Arist.Ath.55.5, SIG953.7 ([place name] Calymna), etc. (the usual sense of the word in [dialect] Att. Oratt.): hence in [dialect] Att. law, δώρων γραφή an indictment for being bribed, Aeschin.3.232, etc., cf. Harp.; δώρων κριθῆναι to be tried for taking bribes, Lys.27.3; δώρων ἑλεῖν τινα to convict him of taking bribes, Ar. Nu. 591; δ. ὀφλεῖν to be found guilty of taking bribes, And.1.74;

δώρων δίωξις Plu.Per.32

.

3 in pl., good qualities, talents,

τὰ βασιλέως δ. Lib.Ep.19

.

II front part of palm, Poll.2.144.

2 hand's breadth, palm, as a measure of length, Nic.Th. 398, Vitr.2.3.3, Milet. 7.57 ([place name] Didyma); cf. δεκάδωρος.

κατάδῐκ-ος, ον, ([etym.] δίκη)

A having judgement given against one, found guilty, condemned, SIG484.1 (Delph., iii B.C.): c. gen., φυγῆς to banishment, D.S.13.63;

θανάτου Id.27.1

; mulcted in,

μυρίων στατήρων GDI2516.7

(Delph.): abs., J.AJ5.1.14, Arr.Epict.4.11.24, App.BC1.2, CIG 2759b ([place name] Aphrodisias).

ἁρπαγ-ή, ἡ,

A seizure, robbery, rape, first in Sol.4.13; ὀφλὼν ἁρπαγῆς δίκην found guilty of rape, A.Ag. 534;

αἰτέειν δίκας τῆς ἁ. Hdt.1.2

; ἁρπαγῇ χρησαμένους ib.5; ἁρπαγὴν ποιεῖσθαι, ποιεῖν, Th.6.52, X.Cyr. 7.2.12;

ἐφ' ἁ. τραπέσθαι Th.4.104

, X.Cyr.4.2.25;

τοῦ κρητῆρος ἡ ἁ. Hdt.3.48

: pl., of a single act,

συνεπρήξαντο τὰς Ἑλένης ἁ. Id.5.94

, cf. A.Th. 351 (lyr.), Supp. 510; Καδμείων ἁ., of the Sphinx, E.Ph. 1021 (lyr.).

II thing seized, booty, prey,

τοῦ φθάσαντος ἁ. A.Pers. 752

; ἁ. κυσί, θηρσί, Id.Th. 1019, E.El. 896; ἁρπαγὴν ποιεῖσθαί τι to make booty of a thing. Th.8.62.

III greediness, X.Cyr.5.2.17.

IV ἐν ἁρπαγῇ σελήνης when the moon is invisible, PMag.Par.1.750.

ὀφειλέτης, ου, ὁ (ὀφείλω; Soph. et al.; BGU 954, 22; En 6:3 ἐγὼ μόνος ὀφειλέτης ἁμαρτίας μεγάλης; TestJob 11:12).

① one who is in debt in a monetary sense, debtor (Pla., Leg. 5, 736d; Plut. et al.) w. the amount of the debt given in the gen. ὀφ. μυρίων ταλάντων who owed ten thousand talents Mt 18:24 (s. τάλαντον).

② one who is under obligation in a moral or social sense, one under obligation, one liable for, ext. of 1.

ⓐ debtor πάντες ὀφειλέται ἐσμὲν ἁμαρτίας we are all debtors in the matter of sin Pol 6:1.

ⓑ one who is obligated to do someth. ὀφειλέτην εἶναι be under obligation w. gen. or dat. of pers. or thing to whom (which) one is obligated (B-D-F §190, 1; Rob. 537 al.): w. gen. of pers. obligated to someone Ro 15:27. W. dat. of pers. 1:14; 8:12. That which one is obligated to do stands in the gen. ὀφειλέται ἐσμὲν οὐ τ. σαρκὶ τοῦ κατὰ σάρκα ζῆν we are under obligation but not to the flesh, to live according to its demands Ro 8:12 (s. B-D-F §400, 2; Rob. 1076). The simple inf. (Soph., Aj. 590) is found instead of the articular inf. in the gen.: ὀφ. ἐστὶν ὅλον τὸν νόμον ποιῆσαι Gal 5:3.

ⓒ one who is guilty of a misdeed, one who is culpable, at fault

α. in relation to pers., w. gen. of the one against whom the misdeed was committed ἀφήκαμεν τοῖς ὀφ. ἡμῶν we have forgiven our debtors, i. e., those who are guilty of sin against us Mt 6:12; cp. D 8:2.

β. in relation to God, sinner (cp. Lk 13:4 w. vs. 2 ἁμαρτωλοί) abs. ὅτι αὐτοὶ ὀφειλέται ἐγένοντο παρὰ πάντας τοὺς ἀνθρώπους that they were sinners to a greater degree than all the other people Lk 13:4.—Betz, SM p. 400 n. 479 (lit). DELG s.v. ὀφείλω. M-M. TW.

ἄτη, ἡ, [dialect] Dor. [full] ἄτα, [dialect] Aeol. [full] αὐάτα ( [full] ἀϝ-), v. infr.:—

A bewilderment, infatuation, caused by blindness or delusion sent by the gods, mostly as the punishment of guilty rashness,

τὸν δ' ἄτη φρένας εἷλε Il.16.805

;

Ζεῦ πάτερ, ἦ ῥά τιν' ἤδη.. βασιλήων τῇδ' ἄτῃ ἄασας 8.237

;

Ζεὺς καὶ Μοῖρα καὶ.. Ἐρινὺς.. φρεσὶν ἔμβαλον ἄγριον ἄτην 19.88

(so ἀλλ' ἐπεὶ ἀασάμην καί μευ φρένας ἐξέλετο Ζεύς ib. 137); ἄτην δὲ μετέστενον ἣν Ἀφροδίτη δῶχ' ὅτε μ' ἤγαγε κεῖσε, says Helen, Od.4.261.

2 Ἄτη personified, the goddess of mischief, author of rash actions,

πρέσβα Διὸς θυγάτηρ, Ἄτη, ἣ πάντας ἀᾶται Il.19.91

, cf. 9.504, Hes. Th. 230, Pl.Smp. 195d;

Ἄτης ἂν λειμῶνα Emp.121.4

; coupled with Ἐρινύς, A.Ag. 1433.

II of the consequences of such visitations, either,

1 [voice] Act., reckless guilt or sin,

Ἀλεξάνδρου ἕνεκ' ἄτης Il.6.356

: in pl., deceptions, 10.391: or,

2 [voice] Pass., bane, ruin, 24.480, Hdt.1.32; ἐγγύα, πάρα δ' ἄτα prov. in Thales ap.Stob.3.1.172: τὸ πῆμα τῆς ἄτης the anguish of the doom, S.Aj. 363 (lyr.);

ὕβρις γὰρ ἐξανθοῦσ' ἐκάρπωσε σταχὺν ἄτης A.Pers. 822

;

Πειθὼ προβουλόπαις.. ἄτης Id.Ag. 386

(lyr.): pl., Id.Pers. 653 (lyr.), 1037 (lyr.), S.Aj. 848, etc.; strokes of fate,

ἀνδρείη τὰς ἄτας μικρὰς ἔρδει Democr.213

.

3 Trag., of persons, bane, pest,

δίκην ἄτης λαθραίου A.Ag. 1230

;

δύ' ἄτα S.Ant. 533

.

b ill-fated person, A.Ag. 1268 codd.—Not in Comedy (unless read for αὐτῆς, Ar. Pax 605 ) nor in [dialect] Att. Prose (exc. as pr.n.and in quotations of

ἐγγύα, πάρα δ' ἄτα Cratin.

Jun.12, Pl.Chrm. 165a), but found in Arist.VV 1251b20;

κῆρας καὶ ἄτας D.H.8.61

; τοιαύτας κακὰς ἄτας such abominations, of certain Epicurean expressions, Cleom.2.1.

III fine, penalty, or sum lost in a lawsuit, Leg.Gort.11.34, al. (From ἀάω, q. v.: orig. ἀϝάτη, [dialect] Aeol.

αὐάτα Alc. Supp.23.12

, Pi.P.2.28, 3.24, Lyr.Adesp.123.) [ ᾰᾰτη, ᾱτη; ᾰτη is dub. in Archil.73.]

συναγωγή, ῆς, ἡ (Thu. et al.; ins, pap, LXX, Just.). The term ς. is fluid, and its use as a loanword in Eng. in connection with cult suggests a technical usage that belies the extraordinary breadth of use of ς. Orig. in act. sense ‘a bringing together, assembling’, then in LXX and contemporary documents ‘a gathering’ or ‘place of assembly’.—For ins evidence relating to cultic usage s. ROster, NTS 39, ’93, 181 n. 14 (the principal corpora); for synonyms, p. 186; cp. New Docs 4, 202f.

① a place where someth. collects, gathering place of the basins in which water is gathered at the creation (Gen 1:9; cp. Jos., Ant. 15, 346 ς. ὑδάτων; Did., Gen. 25, 14 ς., ἣν καλεῖν εἰώθασιν ὠκεανόν) 1 Cl 20:6.

② a place of assembly (Cybeleins [Bilderatlas z. Religionsgesch. 9–11, 1926 p. xix no. 154] ἐν τῇ τοῦ Διὸς συναγωγῇ; s. New Docs 3, 43. Sb 4981, 6f [restored].—On συναγωγή as a room for meetings cp. συνέδρια of the meeting-houses of the Pythagoreans Polyb. 2, 39, 1).

ⓐ of the Jewish synagogue (it is used for a place of assembly for Jews in Philo, Omn. Prob. Lib. 81 [w. ref. to the Essenes]; Jos., Bell. 2, 285; 289; 7, 44, Ant. 19, 300; 305; CIG 9894; 9904; BCH 21, 1897 p. 47; Συναγωγὴ Ἑβραίων in Corinth [s. Κόρινθος, end], in Rome [CIG IV, 9909] and ILydiaKP III, 42 p. 32ff.—S. AvHarnack, Mission⁴ II 1924, p. 568, 2; GKittel, TLZ 69, ’44, 11f.—Orig., C. Cels. 6, 23, 3; Hippol., Ref. 9, 12, 7); people came to the συν. to worship God Mt 4:23; 6:2, 5; 9:35; 12:9; 13:54; Mk 1:39; 3:1; 6:2; Lk 4:15; 6:6; J 18:20. In the same buildings court was also held and punishment was inflicted: Mt 10:17; 23:34; Mk 13:9; Lk 12:11; 21:12; Ac 22:19; 26:11 (HKee, NTS 36, ’90, 1–24 perceives Acts as reading a post-70 situation into Paul’s career; rejoinder ROster, ibid 39, ’93, 178–208, with caution against reliance on mere transliteration of ς. and w. conclusion that Luke is not guilty of anachronism; response by Kee, ibid. 40, ’94, 281–83 [also 41, ’95, 481–500], w. observation that the inscription from the syngagogue of Theodotus in Jerusalem [s. Dssm. LO 378–80=LAE 439–41; Boffo, Iscrizioni no. 31] may well be no earlier than IV A.D.; for critique of Kee’s views s. also ESanders, Jewish Law from Jesus to the Mishnah, ’87, 341–43 notes 28 and 29. For early use in reference to a Jewish synagogue, s. New Docs 4, 202, IBerenike 16, 5 [55 A.D.] of a building, ln. 3 of members meeting in it). Synagogues are also mentioned as existing in Antioch in Pisidia 13:14; Athens 17:17; Berea vs. 10; Damascus 9:20; Ephesus 18:19 (GHorsley, The Inscriptions of Ephesus and the NT: NovT 34, ’92, 105–68); Capernaum Mk 1:21; Lk 4:33; 7:5; J 6:59 (HKohl and CWatzinger, Antike Synagogen in Galiläa 1916; HVincent, RB 30, 1921, 438ff; 532ff; GOrfali, Capharnaum et ses ruines 1922); Corinth Ac 18:4 (s. New Docs 3, 121); Ephesus 19:8; Nazareth Lk 4:16; Salamis on the island of Cyprus Ac 13:5; Thessalonica 17:1.—ESukenik, Ancient Synagogues in Palestine and Greece ’34.—On the building of synagogues by patrons s. TRajak, Benefactors in the Greco-Jewish Diaspora, in MHengel Festschr. I ’96, 307 n. 7 lit.—On the relationship betw. συναγωγή and προσευχή (q.v. 2) s. SKrauss, Synagogale Altertümer 1922, 11; Boffo, Iscrizioni 39–46; Pauly-W. 2d ser. IV ’32, 1284–1316; ERivkin, AHSilver Festschr. ’63, 350–54.—AGroenman, De Oorsprong der Joodsche Synagoge: NThT 8, 1919, 43–87; 137–88; HStrack, RE XIX 221–26; Elbogen² 444ff; 571ff; Billerb. IV, 115–52 (the Syn. as an institution), 153–88 (the Syn. services); GDalman, Jesus-Jeshua (tr. PLevertoff) 1929, 38–55; SSafrai, MStern et al., The Jewish People in the 1st Century II, ’77, 908–44; LLevine, The Second Temple Synagogue, The Formative Years: The Synagogue in Late Antiquity ’87, 7–31; Schürer II 423–63; III 138–49; s. also lit. cited by Oster, Kee, and Boffo above.

ⓑ an assembly-place for Judeo-Christians (Nazarenes) can also be meant in Js 2:2 (so LRost, PJ 29, ’33, 53–66, esp. 54f but s. 4 below). εἰς ς. πλήρη ἀνδρῶν Hm 11:14 (cp. the superscription on a Marcionite assembly-place near Damascus συναγωγὴ Μαρκιωνιστῶν [OGI 608, 1 fr. 318/19 A.D.]; Harnack, SBBerlAK 1915, 754ff). S. 5 below.

③ the members of a synagogue, (the congregation of a) synagogue (Just., D. 53, 4 al.; references for this usage in Schürer II 423f; III 81–86; EPeterson, Byz.-Neugriech. Jahrbücher 2, 1921, 208)

ⓐ of localized synagogues Ac 6:9 (Schürer II 428; cp. CIJ 683 [=Corpus Ins. Regni Bosporani ’65 no. 70], for translation and ill. see RMackennan, Bar 22/2, ’96, 47); 9:2.

ⓑ in a limited sense, of those who consider themselves Ἰουδαῖοι but are hostile to Christians (who also identify themselves as Ἰουδαῖοι whether Israelite by descent or believers from the nations—on the mixed composition of the followers of Jesus Christ s. Ac 13:43; ISm 1:2), and are called (instead of συναγωγὴ κυρίου: Num 16:3; 20:4; 27:17; Josh 22:16; Ps 73:2) συναγωγὴ τοῦ σατανᾶ synagogue of Satan Rv 2:9; 3:9 (cp. Just., D. 104, 1 ἡ ς. τῶν πονηρευομένων; s. 5 below).

④ a synagogal meeting, a meeting, gathering for worship, of the Judeans λυθείσης τῆς συναγωγῆς Ac 13:43 (s. λύω 3).—Transferred to meetings of Judeo-Christian congregations (cp. TestBenj 11:2, 3; Just., D. 63, 5; 124, 1; Theoph. Ant. 2, 14 [p. 136, 12]) ἐὰν εἰσέλθῃ εἰς συναγωγὴν ὑμῶν Js 2:2 (this is the preferred interpr.: HermvSoden, Ropes, Meinertz, FHauck; s. 2b above). συναγωγὴ ἀνδρῶν δικαίων Hm 11:9, 13, cp. 14. πυκνότερον συναγωγαὶ γινέσθωσαν meetings (of the congregation) should be held more often IPol 4:2. (συναγ. is also found outside Jewish and Christian circles for periodic meetings; s. the exx. in MDibelius, Jakobus 1921 p. 124, 1. Also Philo Bybl.: 790 Fgm. 4, 52 Jac. [in Eus., PE 1, 10, 52] Ζωροάστρης ἐν τῇ ἱερᾷ συναγωγῇ τῶν Περσικῶν φησι; OGI 737, 1 [II B.C.] ς. ἐν τῷ Ἀπολλωνείῳ; PLond 2710 recto, 12: HTR 29, ’36, 40; 51.—Sb 8267, 3 [5 B.C.] honorary ins of a polytheistic ς.=association. W. ref. to the imperial cult BGU 1137, 2 [6 B.C.]. On the Christian use of the word s. also ADeissmann, Die Urgeschichte des Christentums im Lichte der Sprachforschung 1910, 35f).

⑤ a group of pers. who band together, freq. with hostile intent, band, gang ς. πονηρευομένων (Ps 21:17) B 5:13; 6:6; GJs 15:1 v.l. (for σύνοδος).—SSafrai, The Synagogue: CRINT I/2, 908–44; WSchrage, BHHW III 1906–10; Kl. Pauly V 451f.—S. ἀρχισυναγωγός and New Docs 4, 213–20. DELG s.v. ἄγω. EDNT. DLNT 1141–46. M-M. TW.